just sal's blog > Articles > 2018 > Google Cloud Endpoints: REST and gRPC, gRPC+Transcoding

Google Cloud Endpoints: REST and gRPC, gRPC+Transcoding

2018-04-01

A month or so ago, a customer of mine wanted to use Cloud Endpoints but wanted to run the ESP (Extensible Server Proxy) stand-alone on their server. Normally, Cloud Endpoints is run on GKE, GAE Flex or via the Endpoints Framework on GAE Standard. However, the proxy can easily run on another platform.

This repo demonstrates an end-to-end sample of running ESP on Docker but also proceeds to show:

Running REST Backend service.
Running gRPC Backend Service
Running gRPC with HTTP Transcoding
Using gcloud Application Default Credentials to authenticate.

The article first deploys a backend implemented as pure REST and its corresponding client. Then a gRPC Server which includes provisions for HTTP Transcoding. This sample will allow you to call the backend via HTTP or gRPC on separate ports or with SSL, on the same port. Both samples demonstrates how to acquire a Bearer token for google authentication.

Finally, the HTTP and gRPC backends are protected by Google Authentication which means each call must have a google-issued ID token in the HEADER. The ESP proxy validates the header value and just as a precaution, i’ve added in a secondary check in Flask Middleware as well as gRPC Interceptor.

I’ve added some links to the Appendix for each of these for reference.

To be clear, i’m not doing anything in this repo that is not already documented in various places. I find it easier to understand things from scratch and developing my own samples along the way focusing on aspects i’m interested in.

You can find the source here

Google Cloud Endpoints: REST and gRPC, gRPC+Transcoding

Lets get started.

Clone the Repo

git clone https://github.com/salrashid123/esp_docker.git

Create a GCP cloud project

If you already have one handy, thats fine. In the examples below, my project is: espdemo-199923

Create a Service Account Key and download it.

On the GCP Cloud console, goto

“IAM & Admin” » “Service Accounts” » “Create Service Account”. You can call the service account anyting (I called it espsvc).
Select “Furnish new Public Key” and select JSON.
Assign the “Service Management » Service Controller” role to this account.
Click download to crate the key and copy the json file to the esp_docker/certs/esp_certs folder from the repo root.

REST

The following sections details how to stand up a HTTP-only endpoint and ESP

Deploy ESP Config

cd esp_docker/http
Edit http/openapi.yaml
- Replace YOUR_PROJECT with your projectID
- in my case, the value is: host: api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog

then

gcloud endpoints services deploy openapi.yaml

You can verify the configurations active by running the following or by viewing the Endpoints section of the Cloud Console

$ gcloud endpoints configs list --service=api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog
CONFIG_ID     SERVICE_NAME
2018-04-01r0  api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog

Prepare client and server environment

virtualenv env
source env/bin/activate

pip install -r requirements.txt

Run HTTP API server


$ python http_server.py
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:50051/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
 * Restarting with stat
 * Debugger is active!
 * Debugger PIN: 320-710-630

Note that it is listening on port :50051

Run the ESP docker contianer

First make sure the certificzate you downloaded for the service account exits within esp_docker/certs/esp_certs foler.

Run the container as follows. Remember to replace

service name
version
servcie_account JSON filename and relative reference to the folder

Note the backend is pointing to the HTTP endpoint of your api server

docker run   \
    -t  \
    --net="host"  \
    --volume `pwd`/../certs/esp_certs:/esp  \
    gcr.io/endpoints-release/endpoints-runtime:1  \
    --service  api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog  \
    --version  2018-04-01r0   \
    --http_port  8080  \
    --backend 127.0.0.1:50051  \
    --service_account_key /esp/espdemo-abfabcd372f8.json

Run HTTP_Client

In a new window, navigate to the esp_docker/http folder and initialize the virtualenv:

cd esp_docker/http
source env/bin/activate

then run the client:

$ python http_client.py

++++++++++++++ mint and verify id_token for current user ++++++++++++++++
id_token: <REDACTED>
-------------- list
{
    "items": []
}

-------------- put
{
    "id": 111,
    "task": "some task"
}

-------------- list
{
    "items": [
        {
            "id": 111,
            "task": "some task"
        }
    ]
}

-------------- get
{
    "id": 111,
    "task": "some task"
}

-------------- delete

-------------- list
{
    "items": []
}

On your API server, you should see

API Server:

127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018 16:55:54] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018 16:55:54] "POST /todos HTTP/1.1" 201 -
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018 16:55:54] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018 16:55:55] "GET /todos/111 HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018 16:55:55] "DELETE /todos/111 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018 16:55:55] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 -

On the ESP Proxy, you should see:

127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018:23:55:54 +0000] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018:23:55:54 +0000] "POST /todos HTTP/1.1" 201 44 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018:23:55:54 +0000] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 101 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018:23:55:55 +0000] "GET /todos/111 HTTP/1.1" 200 44 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018:23:55:55 +0000] "DELETE /todos/111 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [01/Apr/2018:23:55:55 +0000] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"

Note, the id_token is just a JWT that you can decode at jwt.io and use that directly in a curl request to ESP:

{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "kid": "e9b56cfc640d12bff4540553402c7f157d481806"
}
.
{
  "azp": "764086051850-6qr4p6gpi6hn506pt8ejuq83di341hur.apps.googleusercontent.com",
  "aud": "764086051850-6qr4p6gpi6hn506pt8ejuq83di341hur.apps.googleusercontent.com",
  "sub": "108157913093274845221",
  "email": "your_gcloud_user@gmail.com",
  "email_verified": true,
  "at_hash": "YJQZVDRk6ewzGcNVYVdddd",
  "exp": 1522630554,
  "iss": "accounts.google.com",
  "iat": 1522626954
}

NOTE: The example here used Application Default Credentials as provided by the embedded client_id for gcloud SDK: 764086051850-6qr4p6gpi6hn506pt8ejuq83di341hur.apps.googleusercontent.com. Use of that specific client_id is not recommended for production use as Google can change the clientID for the gcloud without notice. The sample was provied just for convenience.

Cleanup

Stop the API server and docker container for ESP (you may need to run docker ps and then docker stop <container_id_of_esp>)

gRPC

Setup gRPC environment

Prepare the python environemtn to deploy gRPC server and ESP:

cd esp_docker/grpc

virtualenv env
source env/bin/activate
pip install google-cloud grpcio-tools
export GOOGLEAPIS=/tmp/googleapis
git clone https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis $GOOGLEAPIS

Deploy ESP Config

Prepare api_descriptor.pb based on your .proto:
git clone https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis.git

python -m grpc_tools.protoc \
    --include_imports \
    --include_source_info \
    --proto_path=.:$GOOGLEAPIS \
    --descriptor_set_out=api_descriptor.pb \
    --python_out=. \
    --grpc_python_out=. \
    task.proto

(you should see api_descriptor.pb and the task_pb2*)

Edit esp_docker/grpc/api_config.yaml and set the projectID.
- In my case its: name: api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog

Then

gcloud endpoints services deploy api_descriptor.pb api_config.yaml

You should see two configurations if you deployed the HTTP sample above

$ gcloud endpoints configs list --service=api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog
CONFIG_ID     SERVICE_NAME
2018-04-02r0  api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog   << gRPC
2018-04-01r0  api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog   << HTTP

Prepare client and server environment

In a new window, Run gRPC server

cd esp_docker/grpc/
source env/bin/activate

python grpc_server.py

the gRPC API server is listening on :50001

Run the ESP docker container

Now run the ESP container and specify:

service name
version
servcie_account JSON filename and relative reference to the folder
set the backend to grpc://127.0.0.1:50001
http listener on :8080
http2_listener on :8081

docker run   \
    -t  \
    --net="host"  \
    --volume `pwd`/../certs/esp_certs/:/esp  \
    gcr.io/endpoints-release/endpoints-runtime:1  \
    --service  api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog  \
    --version  2018-04-02r0 \
    --http_port 8080 \
    --http2_port 8081 \
    --backend grpc://127.0.0.1:50051 \
    --service_account_key /esp/espdemo-abfabcd372f8.json

Run gRPC_Client

cd esp_docker/grpc
source env/bin/activate

$ python grpc_client.py

---- LIST ----
---- CREATE ----
id: 2268
task: "some task"

---- LIST ----
id: 2268
task: "some task"

---- GET  ----
id: 2268
task: "some task"

---- DELETE ----

---- LIST ----

Gives the output:

API Server:

$ python grpc_server.py
starting server [::]:50051
ListToDo called:
CreateToDo called: 2268
ListToDo called:
GetToDo called: 2268
DeleteToDo called: 2268
ListToDo called:

ESP Proxy:

127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:43:17 +0000] "POST /todo.ToDoService/ListToDo HTTP/2.0" 200 5 "-" "grpc-python/1.10.0 grpc-c/6.0.0 (manylinux; chttp2; glamorous)"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:43:17 +0000] "POST /todo.ToDoService/CreateToDo HTTP/2.0" 200 19 "-" "grpc-python/1.10.0 grpc-c/6.0.0 (manylinux; chttp2; glamorous)"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:43:17 +0000] "POST /todo.ToDoService/ListToDo HTTP/2.0" 200 21 "-" "grpc-python/1.10.0 grpc-c/6.0.0 (manylinux; chttp2; glamorous)"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:43:18 +0000] "POST /todo.ToDoService/GetToDo HTTP/2.0" 200 19 "-" "grpc-python/1.10.0 grpc-c/6.0.0 (manylinux; chttp2; glamorous)"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:43:18 +0000] "POST /todo.ToDoService/DeleteToDo HTTP/2.0" 200 5 "-" "grpc-python/1.10.0 grpc-c/6.0.0 (manylinux; chttp2; glamorous)"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:43:18 +0000] "POST /todo.ToDoService/ListToDo HTTP/2.0" 200 5 "-" "grpc-python/1.10.0 grpc-c/6.0.0 (manylinux; chttp2; glamorous)"

Transcoding

Since we added in annotation to the .proto for HTTP transcoding, we can also run the esp_docker/http/http_client.py:

In a new window:

cd esp_docker/http
virtualenv env
source env/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

then

$ python http_client.py
++++++++++++++ mint and verify id_token for current user ++++++++++++++++
id_token: << redactd>>
-------------- list
{}
-------------- put
{"id":"111","task":"some task"}
-------------- list
{"result":[{"id":"111","task":"some task"}]}
-------------- get
{"id":"111","task":"some task"}
-------------- delete
{}
-------------- list
{}

gives output:

gRPC server:

ListToDo called:
ListToDo called:
CreateToDo called: 111
ListToDo called:
GetToDo called: 111
DeleteToDo called: 111
ListToDo called:

ESP Proxy:

127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:47:09 +0000] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:47:09 +0000] "POST /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 42 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:47:10 +0000] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 55 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:47:10 +0000] "GET /todos/111 HTTP/1.1" 200 42 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:47:10 +0000] "DELETE /todos/111 HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Apr/2018:00:47:10 +0000] "GET /todos HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "python-requests/2.18.4"```

gRPC and REST over same SSL port

You can also use the SAME port for both HTTP1.1 and GRPC over SSL. See:

https://cloud.google.com/endpoints/docs/grpc/transcoding#using_ssl

“If SSL is enabled for communication between your clients and ESP, then clients can use the same port to make gRPC or HTTP1.1 calls. You can find out how to set up SSL for a Cloud Endpoints service in Enabling SSL.”

Setting this up is a bit more complex: you need to enable ESP for SSL and set the certificate to match the SNI setting of the cert. For this demo, i’ve setup a sample CA and cert to use the hostname main.esodemoapp2.com

So if you’re running this on your laptop, first edit /etc/hosts and set

127.0.0.1 main.esodemoapp2.com

Then lets setup the cert and compile for transcoding:

cd esp_docker/grpc

virtualenv env
source env/bin/activate
pip install google-cloud grpcio-tools

export GOOGLEAPIS=/tmp/googleapis
git clone https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis $GOOGLEAPIS

python -m grpc_tools.protoc \
    --include_imports \
    --include_source_info \
    --proto_path=.:$GOOGLEAPIS \
    --descriptor_set_out=api_descriptor.pb \
    --python_out=. \
    --grpc_python_out=. \
    task.proto

then deploy

gcloud endpoints services deploy api_descriptor.pb api_config.yaml

catpture the config version you get and the endpoint, eg:

Service Configuration [2018-07-04r0] uploaded for service [api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog]

Copy nginx.crt, nginx.key to a folder that ESP can find via volume mount

cp esp_docker/certs/CA/CA_crt.pem esp_docker/certs/ssl_certs/CA_crt.pem
cp esp_docker/certs/CA/nginx.crt esp_docker/certs/ssl_certs/nginx.crt
cp esp_docker/certs/CA/nginx.key esp_docker/certs/ssl_certs/nginx.key

(note, you can generate your own certs as shown below)

then run ESP (note the volume mounts)

cd esp_docker

docker run   \
    -t  \
    --net="host"  \
    --volume `pwd`/certs/ssl_certs/:/etc/nginx/ssl/ \
    --volume `pwd`/certs/esp_certs:/esp  \
    gcr.io/endpoints-release/endpoints-runtime:1  \
    --service  api.endpoints.espdemo-199923.cloud.goog   \
    --version  2018-07-04r0  \
    --ssl_port 8082 \
    --backend grpc://127.0.0.1:50051 \
    --service_account_key /esp/espdemo-abfabcd372f8.json

Now run the gRPC server

cd esp_docker/grpc
soruce env/bin/activate
python grpc_server.py

gRPC Client

Go to esp_docker/grpc, then enable SSL and set the CA Path. (eg, comment insecure_channel and uncomment secure_channel)

  # for nonSSL direct to GRPC server port 50051
  #channel = grpc.insecure_channel('main.esodemoapp2.com:50051')

  # for SSL to ESP (port: 8082)
  ssl_credentials = grpc.ssl_channel_credentials(open('../certs/ssl_certs/CA_crt.pem').read())
  channel = grpc.secure_channel('main.esodemoapp2.com:8082', ssl_credentials)

then run

cd esp_docker/grpc
source env/bin/activate
python grpc_client.py

HTTP Client

Go to esp_docker/http, then enable SSL and set the CA Path. (eg, comment insecure_channel and uncomment secure_channel). Remember to set the verify= parameter on each request so you dont’ see cert warning

# for non-SSL to ESP http: 8080
#_HOST = 'http://main.esodemoapp2.com:8080'

# for SSL to ESP
_HOST = 'https://main.esodemoapp2.com:8082'
# note: to use SSL to ESP, add in verify= for python requests pointing to CA that signed the cert:
# response = requests.get(_HOST+  '/todos', headers={'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + idt},  verify='../certs/ssl_certs/CA_crt.pem')

then run

cd esp_docker/http
source env/bin/activate
python http_client.py

CA/SSL Certs

If you want to test with your own CA, please regenerate the the CA and index,serial files:

cd certs/CA
rm -rf serial* index* new_certs
echo 00 > serial
touch index.txt
mkdir new_certs

openssl genrsa -out CA_key.pem 2048
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key CA_key.pem -days 1000 -out CA_crt.pem -config openssl.cnf -subj "/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google/OU=Enterprise/CN=MyCA"

openssl genrsa -out nginx.key 2048
openssl req -config openssl.cnf -out nginx.csr -key nginx.key -new -sha256    -subj "/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google/OU=Enterprise/CN=main.esodemoapp2.com"
openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -days 365 -notext  -in nginx.csr   -out nginx.crt

cp CA_crt.pem ../ssl_certs
cp nginx.* ../ssl_certs

note the nginx.crt should have the SNI setup:

$ openssl x509 -in nginx.crt -text -noout
Certificate:
        Issuer: C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Google, OU = Enterprise, CN = MyCA
        Validity
            Not Before: Jul  1 02:00:48 2018 GMT
            Not After : Jul  1 02:00:48 2019 GMT
        Subject: C = US, ST = California, O = Google, OU = Enterprise, CN = main.esodemoapp2.com
        X509v3 extensions:
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
                DNS:main.esodemoapp2.com

Summary

As you can see, Cloud Endpoints with ESP in docker allows you to run anywhere with a plain docker container as a proxy. Endpoints allows for many additional features such as extended authentication, rate control and API sharing. This specific example focused just on the transports and minimally on the Authentication and even then, the sample used gcloud credentials just as a demonstration.

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